Whispering Thoughts (No 13)

   August 2023                                                                                        No: 13 NATO–RUSSIAN RELATIONSHIP: COLD WAR REDUX? In 1949, when it was formed, the original NATO consisted of 12 members—it now has 31 members, which will swell to 32 if Sweden becomes a member. In the recently concluded 2023 NATO Summit in Vilnius, Lithuania, six challenges facing the organisation were identified: Ukraine’s […]

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Europeans in India Part 8 The English East India Company Section I: Origins

Canberra, 5 March 2023 Before the 15th century, England was a backward agricultural country with no standing among the other kingdoms and States of the world. By the end of the 18th century, within a span of a mere three centuries, the same impoverished country had become the foremost political and economic power in Europe, […]

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