Canberra, 21 February 2022 Punjab was in political turmoil throughout the 1740s, destabilised by different claimants to its governorship, inevitably in conflict with each other. Further, the Sikhs were in open rebellion. In the broader Indian political scene, between 1748–49, three influential ‘chiefs’ died: chiefs who were men of old values and traditions; chiefs who […]
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Tag Archives: Lahore
Indian History Part 59 The Lodi Dynasty Section V IBRAHIM LODI: THE TWILIGHT SULTAN
November 19, 2017 
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Canberra, 19 November 2017 Sikandar Lodi had many sons, the eldest being Ibrahim Khan and the second Jalal Khan, both born to the same mother. They were also considered to be the most capable amongst the young princes. Ibrahim Khan has been described as intelligent, courageous, generous and the embodiment of praiseworthy moral qualities. […]
Continue readingIndian History Part 58 The Sayyid Dynasty Section II Sultan Mubarak Shah
September 29, 2017 0 Comments
Canberra, 29 September 2017 Khizr Khan nominated his son Mubarak Khan as his successor on his death bed. Mubarak assumed the throne as Muiz u-Din Fateh Mubarak Shah, with the consent of all the nobles of the court. The details of his reign are available to the historian from a chronicle called Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi written […]
Continue readingIndian History Part 49 The Ghaznavids Section V The Whimpering End of the Dynasty
May 2, 2016 0 Comments
Canberra, 2 May 2016 The Ghurid expedition into Ghazni was led by Alauddin Husain, the brother of the slain Saif ad-Din Suri. The dates of the invasion cannot be determined accurately and vary in different sources from 1152 to 1155 and can probably be placed at 1153. The Ghurid army was primarily infantry, whereas […]
Continue readingIndian History Part 49 The Ghaznavids Sect II: Fragile Equilibrium
March 8, 2016 0 Comments
Canberra, 8 March 2016 Farrukh-Zad continues to remain a shadowy figure in the firmament of the Ghaznavid dynasty, especially since very little is known regarding his personal preferences and behaviour pattern, making it difficult to build a picture of his personality. However, he managed to induce a sense of peace into the kingdom, which […]
Continue readingIndian History THE GHAZNAVIDS Section I: Years of Uncertainty
February 22, 2016 0 Comments
Canberra, 22 February 2016 Sultan Mahmud’s death brought about a bitter struggle for succession between two of his sons. Towards the end of his reign, Mahmud had divided his kingdom between these two sons—giving control of the Ghazni and the country of Hind, or the Indian provinces of the kingdom, to Muhammad; and Khorasan, […]
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Sanu Kainikara 
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